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Prepare for Research: Style

This guide provides an intro to basic research and style guide info to help students understand how to begin research projects.

A hand holding a question mark in front of a yellow background.

What is a Style Guide?

A style guide is a document or book that sets standards for writing within a particular setting or discipline. (A discipline is just a field of study, such as sociology or biology.) 

You'll use style guides during your college years and even beyond, since various professions and businesses rely on them.

Types of Style Guides

Many style guides exist, but you are most likely to use one of the style guides below as an MCC student. (Use the tabs to navigate between the five guides.)

APA Manual of Style Book Cover

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) is commonly used in the social sciences. It provides two different format styles, one for students and one for professionals. Confirm which style you should use with your instructor. 

Use your APA manual or the links below to learn more about APA requirements.

Chicago Manual of Style

The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is commonly used in the humanities. It provides the option of two different documentation styles, so ask whether your instructor requires the author-date style or the notes-bibliography style. 

Use your CMS manual or the links below to learn more about CMS requirements.

Modern Language Association

The Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook is commonly used in the humanities. It is particularly popular for English courses, but confirm with your instructor before using it.

Use your MLA manual or the links below to learn more about MLA requirements.

Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations

A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (called Turabian style) is a modified form of the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) and is commonly used for student work in the humanities. Confirm with your instructor before using it.

Use your Turabian manual or the links below to learn more about Turabian requirements.

Chicago Manual of Style Cover APA Manual Cover APA Manual Cover Turabian Manual Cover CSE Manual Cover

What Do Style Guides Include?

Style guides include rules for writing, formatting, and citing sources. They help you understand which information to include, how to write it, and how to arrange it on the page. Read on for some specifics.

Information to Include

  • Required sections
  • Information to include in each section
  • Type of citations and references to include
  • Specific details for each type of citation or reference

How to Write It

  • Font style
  • Font size
  • Whether to bold, italicize, add quotation marks, etc.
  • Whether to include superscript, subscript, etc.

How to Arrange It

  • Line spacing
  • Margin settings
  • Page number placement
  • Order and location of citations, references, titles, subtitles, sections, and subsections
 

Man with puzzled expression on yellow background.

Which Style Guide Should I Choose?

Most academic fields have a preferred style guide. As examples:

  • MLA handbook is common in English courses.
  • Chicago Manual of Style is often used in History courses.

However, the final choice is up to your instructor, so check your assignment prompt or consult with your instructor to determine the required style guide for your assignment.

Editions

Style guides are occasionally updated, so make sure you are using the latest edition of your style guide, unless your instructor permits an older version. (The latter situation sometimes occurs if a new edition is issued in the middle of a semester.)

Adaptations

Occasionally, an instructor may adapt (alter) a style guide's rules. Use adapted rules as instructed by the specific instructor, but remember not to apply them in other classes.

All images on this page (except style guide images) are courtesy of Adobe Stock. Style guide images are courtesy of guide publishers.