Information is created by people with different types of authority. Authority is a measure of someone's expertise on a particular topic. Anyone can have authority on some topics. But none of us have expertise on all topics. However, a lack of authority doesn't necessarily stop people from creating information about a topic. That's why it's important to consider a person or organization's authority before hastily accepting their input. When considering authority, remember that expertise on one topic does not necessarily equate to expertise on the topic at hand. For instance:
So, it's important to think critically before accepting someone's input on a topic. Consider their areas of expertise and whether that expertise applies to the topic you are discussing, studying, or researching. Ask yourself (or them) whether they hold expertise on that specific topic. Just remember, some people intentionally try to mislead others. So, don't take their word as proof of their expertise. If necessary, research their authority on your own.
Before you begin your research, you need to know whether your instructor has set limitations on research sources. Such limitations let your instructor steer you toward individuals or organizations with the most authority on your topic. And that can vary based on your assignment! For instance, you might need to consult academic journals if you are studying the effects of medical treatments, but you might need to consult social media posts if you are studying effective advertising campaigns.
Just remember to review your assignment prompt before you begin your research. That way, you can find out which sources of information you are allowed to use for your assignment. That's where you'll find the best authorities on your topic.
As a student, you lack expertise on many topics. That's okay though. You can borrow some! In fact, we all borrow expertise all the time:
If you quote an expert, look up a fact online, or find research sources for your research paper, you are borrowing authority. (In fact, borrowing expertise is an important part of college research!) Your words carry more weight when you back them up with the authority of an expert. So, remember: you don't just conduct research to learn. You also conduct research to borrow the authority of people who know more about a topic than you do.
You will often find yourself using research material that includes borrowed authority on a topic. (You can learn more about borrowed authority elsewhere on this page.) As long as the author uses a source with authority and cites it, you can use the author's work. But be careful. Some authors manipulate the words of their sources in order to support an agenda. When in doubt, find the original source and read it for yourself!
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